My Mom And I Had An Unbreakable Bond From The Day I Was Born

My mom and I had an unbreakable bond from the day I was born. For starters, her and I were alone. Me, a new born, and a 19 year-old graduate, beginning a new life. Although she was a single mother, we had an amazing amount of support from family. I grew up surrounded by three loving uncles and two magnificent grandparents. So, technically, we weren t â€Å"alone.† But in many ways, it was just her and I, which made us have a relationship many people can t say they have with their mom, and she taught me so many things throughout the years. As I reminisce, I recall many absents of my mother. She wasn t leaving because she wanted to, but only to support and care me, making sure I had all of the good things as a little girl. Being a single†¦show more content†¦Knowing she played both roles as mother and father, I hope to amount to at least half of the woman she is. Because of the absence of a father figure, my mother took care of everything. The finances she took care of from me growing up is what amazes me the most. I think of all of these times and it makes me realize things. A woman can do what really she sets her mind too. Although my mom was raising me on her own with a job, or sometimes two on hand, I was raised right. Financially, she made sure I always had enough of everything; clothes, food and entertainment. We lived in houses that could fit inside other houses, and in places that were only guest houses to the owners. Because of the low income life I lived before my adopted dad came along, its taught me to save. Saving is important and furthering my education is important. A college fund was never planned as I was younger, but my parents to this day assure me college will never be something I m deprived of. After my mom married, three little girls were soon to be named my little sisters. With a current five year old, two year old and one year old, budget is tight. Timing could have been better, but I know if I work hard and apply all the skills my mom learned and taught me when I was younger, I ll work and work to pay off every loan and bill I owe for furthering my education. I plan to pay back my parents for all they ve done for me as I was growing up, and giving back to my mother forShow MoreRelatedReview Of The Other Wes Moore 1038 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people closest to you and the bonds you share with them. This can be seen throughout the story such in the lives they lived and the results that followed their actions. At first, Wes A lost his fathers in the same day and his mother couldn’t handle the death of her husband so they moved in with her parents. As Wes A realized that the rules were stricter, he made some friends outside of the house and slowly he joined an unbreakable group of friends; one that had both its good sides and its badRead MoreAn Unbreakable Bond From The Day I Was Born1661 Words   |  7 PagesMom and Me My mom and I had an unbreakable bond from the day I was born. For starters, her and I were alone. Me, a new born, and a 19 year-old graduate, beginning a new life. Although she was a single mother, we had an amazing amount of support from family. I grew up surrounded by three loving uncles and two magnificent grandparents. So, technically, we weren t â€Å"alone.† But in many ways, it was just her and I, which made us have a relationship many people can t say they have with their mom, andRead MoreLifespan Reflection Paper865 Words   |  4 Pageschildhood, underlie human behavior. I will be analyzing my development through the psychoanalytic theory. Everyone is born with the knowledge to breathe, but not everyone knows how to breathe properly.When I was the age of five, I had a difficult time breathing. The natural position for healthy breathing is always with a closed mouth, inhaling and exhaling through the nose. I was unable to perform that action, the only comfortable way I knew how to breath was through my mouth. It might seem like a sillyRead MoreThe Attacment Theory and My Friends Parents Divorce843 Words   |  3 Pagessignificant event that I have chosen to reflect on is the divorce of one of my friend parents at the age of sixteen. The theory that I decided to use that would demonstrate this event is the attachment theory. I chose this theory to illustrate the significance of the event by describing her decision on what parent to live with and how she became more resistant of family and others. Growing up as a child life became rough for poor Natalie as she was born a premature baby. That alone had already caused issuesRead MorePersonal Statement : Do Not Tell Anyone 1227 Words   |  5 Pagesreplaying in my mind, â€Å"Do not tell anyone†. Shocked and confused, with tears stinging my face; I can barely see her sitting across the table. â€Å"Promise that you won’t tell anyone† she begged. â€Å"I promise Mom, I promise†. Overwhelmed with emotions that are churning through by body, I’ve realized I’ve just made a statement that I consequently, would grow to regret. Feeling as though I can barely breathe, and knowing that I will betray her, the decision is made. Every part of who I am knows that I must findRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Family Structure1901 Words   |  8 Pages According to Merriam Webster Dictionary the definition of family is â€Å"the basic unit in society traditionally consisting of two parents re aring their children; any of various social units differing from but regarded as equivalent to the traditional family†. The ideal of what a traditional family entails have changed since the last few decades. What happened to the family structure? Where did traditions go? How does television impact the family structure? Due to societal changes, the impact of divorceRead MoreI Had A Good Life1474 Words   |  6 PagesYou know I have had a pretty darn good life my friend. I have met some great people, I married the love of my life, had two wonderful children with her, traveled the world and accomplished most of my goals. I wasn’t born poor but I wasn’t raised with a silver spoon in my life either. There was always food in the table thanks to my hard working father. I had everything I needed when I was a kid and my parents made sure of it. See I was born in the United States but my parents and I lived in MexicoRead MoreA Small Town About Twenty Miles Out Of San Fran cisco2267 Words   |  10 Pagesnamed Megan. Megan was just an ordinary 16-year-old. She was the only child of Debby and Max Watson. She had a boyfriend named Duke, who she thought was the sweetest guy ever to exist. Megan and her mother, Debby, shared a special bond that no one else had, not even her and her boyfriend. Megan and her mother looked significantly alike. Megan and her mother both had beige blonde hair with light blue-green eyes. They were alike in ways other than physical appearance, too. They had their differencesRead MoreEssay on To In-Vitro or End Vitro1835 Words   |  8 Pages(frozen) for future use.(retrieved on June 12, 2011, from www.medterms.com) IVF was originally devised to permit women with damaged or absent Fallopian tubes to have a baby. Normally a mature egg is released from the ovary (ovulated), then enters the Fallopian tube, and waits in the neck of the tube for a sperm to fertilize it. With defective Fallopian tubes, this is not possible. In vitro fertilization literally means fertilization in glass. A child born by in vitro fertilization is inaccurately knownRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesshould I begin? The apocalypse happened so fast. In less than a month, monsters infested every part of this world. People panicked, people died. They clawed at each other just to get out of all the infested areas around the world. There was problem about fleeing from infested areas. Everywhere was infested. There was no where anyone could go without encountering the walking plague. You know that phrase War is Hell? Well... its dead wrong. War at least has some organization to it. What was faced

The Bay of Pigs Essay - 1441 Words

The Bay of Pigs â€Å"First, I want to say that there will not be, under any conditions, an intervention in Cuba by the United States Armed Forces. This government will do everything it possibly can, I think it can meet its responsibilities, to make sure that there are no Americans involved in any actions inside Cuba†¦ The basic issue in Cuba is not one between the United States and Cuba. It is between the Cubans themselves.† These words were spoken by President John F. Kennedy at a press conference on April 12, 1961, just five days before the Bay of Pigs invasion took place. Little did the American public know that in five short days, the United States would support an attempted invasion on the Cuban shore—unsuccessfully. The $46†¦show more content†¦in such a manner as to avoid any appearance of U.S. intervention.† The plan went on to describe four points: 1) the creation of a responsible and unified Cuban opposition to the Castro regime located outside of Cuba; 2) the development of a means for mass communication to the Cuban people as part of a powerful propaganda offensive; 3) the creation and development of a covert intelligence and action organization within Cuba which would respond to the orders and directions of the exile opposition; and 4) the development of a paramilitary force outside of Cuba for future guerrilla action. A few months later, in July of 1960, the Prime Minister of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, spoke of arming Cuba with rockets that would protect it from the U.S. In response, President Eisenhower announced that the United States would not â€Å"tolerate the establishment of a regime dominated by international communism in the western hemisphere.† Richard Bissell, an aide to CIA director Allen Dulles, described a meeting that took place in the White House on January 3, 1961, stating, â€Å"President [Eisenhower] seemed to be eager to take forceful action against Castro, and breaking off diplomatic relations appeared to be his best card. He noted that he was prepared to ‘move against Castro’ before Kennedy’s inauguration on the twentieth if a ‘really good excuse’ was provided by Castro. ‘Failing that,’ he said, ‘perhaps we could think of manufacturing something that would be generallyShow MoreRelatedThe Bay Of Pigs1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bay of Pigs was an attempted invasion that occurred on the south coast of Cuba. While researching this occurrence, it seems that it was a failed attempt to invade communist Cuba. This invasion was to overthrow the communist leader, Fidel Castro, had power in office until the year 2008. The main reason for the failure, many believe, is because of the Central Intelligence Agency, under the power of the young President John F. Kennedy (Bay of Pigs 378). The purpose of this research paper is to reviewRead MoreBay of Pigs1627 Words   |  7 Pages In this paper, I will do a case study on the Bay of Pigs and why the United States tried to conduct this attack. I will find out what intelligence led to this invasion attempt as well as what intelligence failures were made which resulted in the failure of the invasion. I will discuss what impact the Bay of Pigs had on the United States Intelligence community and what changes was made. I will end this paper with any findings I have concluded to if the failure has any affect on how the U.S. conductsRead MoreBattle Of The Bay Of Pigs1970 Words   |  8 PagesBattle of the Bay of Pigs The purpose of this paper is to provide battle analysis and highlight the events before, during, and after the Bay of Pigs battle, as well as elaborate on the significance it held on American-Soviet relationships. The battle was not successful due to several intelligence failures and biases during the planning phase. If proper intelligence preparation of the battlefield were utilized, the outcome would have been in favor of the United States (US), with the alternate outcomeRead MoreBay of Pigs: Historiography845 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bay of Pigs On April, 17, 1961 the Bay of Pigs, the biggest foreign affairs disaster in U.S. history, occurred. At first the operation was supported but as the years went by the feelings of it changed, showing mostly in the policy changes of the some of the presidents over the next 49 years. June 24 1961 reporter Stewart Alsop published an article in the Saturday Evening Post titled â€Å"The Lessons of the Cuban Disaster.† In this article Alsop describes what happened at the Bay of Pigs andRead MoreThe Bay of Pigs Invasion1313 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bay of Pigs Invasion Background The Bay of Pigs invasion of April, 1961 is considered to be one of the unsuccessful covert military invasions of the 20th century. In 1959, the Cuban revolutionist Fidel Castro overthrew the Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista through an armed conflict that lasted nearly five and a half years. Castro and his comrades were Socialists and they believed a Communist social system would better suit their nee. In order to fulfill this agenda, the new Cuban governmentRead MoreThe Bay Of Pigs Invasion1147 Words   |  5 PagesLouis Tullo Mrs. Forsyth U.S. History II 30 March 2016 Bay of Pigs Invasion Bays in pigs invasion is a cold war planned and fought by American president John F. Kennedy in an attempt to overthrow in early 1960’s. This came after Fidel Castro overthrew the then Cuban president Fulgencio Batista. The president was corrupt and had allies in the United States allowing the Americans to control the Cuban economy (Khan 21). The incoming Castro did the opposite by disapproving the Americans and resistedRead MoreBay of Pigs and Realism1563 Words   |  7 PagesA Perfect Disaster: The Bay of Pigs Invasion and Realism D-Day, April 17, 1960; Brigade 2506 lands in the Bay of Pigs, a small beach in southern Cuba. Backed by former president Dwight Eisenhower, endorsed by current president John F. Kennedy, and masterminded by the Central Intelligence Agency, the plan to overthrow Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba, had been months in the making (Dunne 1). By the summer of 1959, as former Cuban leader Fulgencio Batista was overtaken by Castro, charges of communistRead MoreThe Bay Of Pigs Invasion2240 Words   |  9 Pagesthey cannot change the law of nature and they know it.† stated Allen Dulles, the fifth director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an encounter that occurred on April 17, 1961, between Cuban exiles, armed and trained by the American Central Intelligence Agency and the military forces of Fidel Castro. With the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion the United States found itself more involved in the Cold War and experienced a new era in the military, political, and intelligenceRead MoreThe Bay Of Pigs Invasion1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the Bay of Pigs Invasion was to overthrow Fidel Castro as leader of Cuba and help stabilize the Cuban government. Fidel Castro started the MR-26-7, an anti-Batista group. At the time, Batista was the so called president and he claimed to be running a disciplined democracy.The people saw this as a dictatorship takeover. Castro ran the group as a clandestine cell system with ten members in each cell and they did not know the whereabouts or activities of the other cells. He was buildingRead MoreThe Bay Of Pigs Invasion1392 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 1 - The Bay of Pigs Invasion - 1961 Figure 1The above image is a primary source image of Fidel Castro (right) an infamous Cuban dictator, and Che Guevara who played a number of key roles within the Cuban government. This photo was taken in 1961, during which the Bay of Pigs Invasion took place. The photo was taken by Alberto Korda, a Cuban photographer. This photo allows us to peer into the past and see Castro presumably leading Cuban troops. There is a large possibility of bias when considering

Constitutional Reform of 1997 in United Kingdom Free Essays

The UK constitution has a modaretely successful history, it is highly tradition and has stood the test of time and, based on the fact that Britain has never suffered a violent revolution unlike France, we can therefore assume that the UK constitution has many beneficial and enduring strengths. Our constitution ensures that Parliament, and therefore Government, can act quickly and decisively as they are unrestricted by excessive constitutional constraints. It is flexible and adaptable which clearly shows thorugh after the 2010 general elections. We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutional Reform of 1997 in United Kingdom or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the lack of restraints on the powers of Government and Parliament may be dangerous especially to minority and invidual rights. There have also been many doubts about this traditional constitution and many questions have been raised to do with the Monarchy and outdated institutions such as the FPTP system. The lack of separation of powers between Government and Parliament means that Government tends to dominate which in many eyes is seen as undemocratic. The first constitutional reform was to do with devolution; Scotland Act of 1998, Wales Act of 199 and the Belfast Agreement of 1998. The original nature of this reform was so that considerable powers were transferred to the devolved representative bodies and executives. Labour wanted to bring about this change due to the fact that they were hugely popular in Wales and Scotland and so the Acts were a means of thanking them for their support. This reform has been believed to be long overdue and has been very beneficial and have given each body the right to have more control over their region however it has caused a bigger rift of the UK and therefore has separated Britain even more. The second reform was the Human Rights Act of 1998. This reform has been extremely beneficial for minority and invididual rights, which has been reflected most recently in the Abu Qatada case where a man who had made terrorist plans has been saved from deportation to Jordan, where he would have most likely been prosecuted for his actions. The European Convention on Human Rights made this Act binding on all public bodies but the UK Parliament due to Parliament being sovereign. Although this act has been beneficial, it would have had more impact should it have been binding on Parliament. Another reform was the House of Lords ; the House Of Lords Act of 1999. Most of the hereditary peers lost their voting rights and there was a major cut down in the number of hereditary peers as it was lowered down to just 92. There was also a decision to separate the Judges from the Lords ( Constitutional Reform Act of 2005) and move them into a seperate building across the road. It is believed to be a moderate decision which has limited the powers of the Lords as many believed there should not be any hereditary peers. In fact a proposal has been put forward for a whole new house to be created. There were 3 other major changes introduced : Greater London Authority Act 1999, Local Government Act 1999 and Freedom Of Information Act 2000. The first established an elected mayor in London with an elected assembly to which s/he is accountable for, the second allowed for local communities to elect a mayor if approved by a local referendum and the third gave the citizens the right to view documents and records of public bodies. Each of these has helped to reinforce democracy within the UK and helped to protect the rights of each citizen by ensuring they are more politically involved and have the right to appoint and elect candidates for powerful positions. How to cite Constitutional Reform of 1997 in United Kingdom, Papers

Gangster Genre Essay Example For Students

Gangster Genre Essay Conveying it as being tradition, and the police where deceived as being bribe-able just like society. This gives a new measurement of crime as being ok, for instance the probation law in the 1920s was there to put a ban on alcohol where the consumer i. e. me and maybe you wanted to drink, but the government wouldnt allow this, so it was a big opening for crime to be put into action, but this ban really wasnt successful, so it was lifted because of people drinking illegally and the money lost from taxation of this. The main conventions are always there but, technology changes and so does society, but the foundation is always there for instance in the early 20s gangsters would be robbing Banks hijacking Trains. But today you see gangsters using supply and demands as an issue of their regime. Drugs, today the gangster move is about drugs. I mean comparing Once Upon A Time In America to Good Fellas both played by Robert De Nero one of the all time greats of gangsters, by looking at the different areas they with hold, Once Upon A Time In America was based around the early 20s and Good Fellas based around the late 70s. Once Upon A Time In America started off and finished as crime by gangsters being function-zed around robberys. While Good Fellas wouldnt be to complexes to be compared by itself, it starts off from the same principle but then Henry Hill introduces the element of drugs, where you can tell there is two clear cut barriers between crime. Henry Hill was never influenced but his pears but told to go the other way, but now drugs have revolutionized gangster films and gangster culture. Gangsters in gangster films, have often been cradled by their wife or girlfriend who embeds the audience affection for him, Good Fellas again is a good re-presentation of gangsters, but takes a different interpretation of 70s gangster era, in this film it was very acceptable for the gangster to be living larger then life having 3 women which has been referred to another gangster film new jack city which is a very recent film made in the 90s every man needs 3 women, a wife a mistress and a hoe Films sometimes try to take genre into a different wave length, for instance The God Father reworked this genre by using the flamboyant use of colour, and magical camera angle movement, which was enjoyed by musical fans but hated by none. It gave a sensational side to gangsters and gangster films, not just the early documentary type of filming. Another example of this is Quinton Tarentino also reworked the gangster genre in Dusk Till Down when starting off as a violent gangster film with George Clooney, and then reforming this into a horror film, as I have said gangster genre has been taken though many experimental aspects, which might be accepted by Tarentino film lovers which can be said is a totally different genre altogether. But people go to watch a film to see the same principle. I mean going to watch a Disney animated film people dont accept to see a sad ending where the rabbit is shot and killed, and his fear is sold, so ganger films most of the time do have the said base structure.

Blood Of Children Sampling Essays - Stem Cells, Cord Blood

Blood Of Children Sampling Should parents pay a blood bank to store the blood from their newborn baby's umbilical cord and placenta, in case that child or another family member ever needs it to treat cancer or leukemia? Expectant parents are being urged to do so by companies that have sprung up during the past few years to sell cord-blood banking as a form of "biological insurance" against such dreaded diseases. The pitch is based on reports in medical journals, such as a major study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, showing that cord blood can sometimes be used in place of a bone marrow transplant. Like bone marrow, cord blood is rich in stem cells, which can churn out many different types of cells to rebuild a patient's blood supply and immune system after high doses of radiation and chemotherapy. And a patient's own cord blood, or that from a relative, is more likely than cord blood from an unrelated donor to be a good tissue match and to be accepted by the recipient's body. Some experts in bone-marrow transplantation and blood banking frown on the cord-blood business, arguing that people are being frightened into wasting money on a service they will probably never need. Moreover, private companies are growing in tandem with public banks, and some scientists worry that private banking will limit public access to cord blood. They are concerned because the cord blood in private banks remains the property of the donor family and is not available to patients seeking a compatible donor. But the companies say that however remote the possibility that the blood will be needed, people who choose to bank their own cord blood have a right to do so. In most cases their cord blood would be thrown away in the delivery room if they did not pay to bank it. There are only a few cord-blood banks in the United States, and most hospitals do not have specially trained staff members to collect the blood. Like bone marrow, cord blood must be matched to the recipient by tests for six inherited traits that determine an individual's tissue type. Cord blood does not have to be as precisely matched as bone marrow, but still, the closer the match, the better the odds of success. The weaker the match, the more likely it is that the recipient's body will reject the transplant, or the transplant will attack the recipient's tissues, in a life-threatening reaction called graft versus host disease. The companies that freeze cord blood and bank it point out that a person's own cord blood is a perfect match, and a sibling's cord blood a more likely match than a specimen from a stranger. And so, the argument goes, the best way to protect an entire family from the unthinkable is to save the newborns' cord blood. Promotional literature for one company, Cord Blood Registry, in San Bruno, Calif., emphasizes that people with cancer in the family may have a special interest in cord-blood banking, along with those who have the hardest time finding matches, which includes members of racial minorities, especially families in which the parents are of different races. According to a spokeswoman, Scoti Kaesshaefer, the company reaches parents-to-be by promoting itself to doctors, nurses and childbirth educators, and by leaving information at hospitals. Among the promotional materials the company provided to the New York Times were copies of articles from other newspapers suggesting that cancer among children is on the rise. The company also has a Web site and an 800 number with a recorded greeting that instructs callers to have their credit cards ready. The idea of saving one's own cord blood seems to be catching on. Cord Blood Registry, which describes itself as the largest private cord-blood banking firm in the United States, has stored 10,000 samples during the past three years: 1,500 in 1995, 3,000 in 1996 and 6,000 in 1997. The company charges an initial fee of $1,200 to collect a sample and freeze it, and then $95 a year to keep it stored in liquid nitrogen at the blood bank at the University of Arizona. Customers include people with perfectly healthy children, who just want extra peace of mind, as well as some families who have lost a child to leukemia or another disease and fear for the health of their other children. In its three years of operation, eight customers have retrieved their cord blood for use in medical treatment, said Kaesshaefer. All eight samples were used

The Importance of National Identity in Social Relations †Humanities Essay

The Importance of National Identity in Social Relations – Humanities Essay Free Online Research Papers The Importance of National Identity in Social Relations Humanities Essay As a result of this case another issue should be raised, that of the intensification of negative prejudice toward an ethnic out-group, stemming from the regular contact between two different national groups (Campbell cited p. 211). More specifically, a big number of Albanians came to Greece over the last decades as financial immigrant, legal or not. Their increased presence in the Greek territory (and, consequently the labour market) has led to the development or the aggravation of some Greeks negative attitude towards them and the raise of related stereotypes: Albanians are dangerous, dirty, deceitful, ungrateful and so on. The Albanian student mentioned above was the victim of the groundless rage of people who perceived of his bearing the flag as an injury to their national identity. This attitude is an example of self-identification and identification of the other, based on vague and fictitious criteria: not sharing the same history, coming from a different country, having different religion, customs and so on. When taking into consideration the extent of emphasis placed on the event and the cost for the student, it is difficult to overlook the importance of national identity in social relations. It has often been claimed that the idea of the nation is a construction that serves political or other interests. Hutchinson and Smith (1994 p. 48) quote Eric Hobsbaum who claims that â€Å"the nation was one of many traditions invented by political elites in order to legitimise their power in a century of revolution and democratisation†. Later in the same book Benedict Anderson (1994, p. 89) characterises modern nation as â€Å"an imagined political community†. A fundamental constituent of a nation and a common element that functions as a unifying factor is its shared traditions. There seem to be two categories of tradition; the first includes pure ones, those that their roots lie in the past and have been preserved in time, interwoven with the nations habits, norms, values and practices and that are an integral part of peoples national identity. The second category refers to the traditions which are invented. These are artificial outwardly imposed to the nation and might serve political or other purposes, functioning as a unifying factor or a factor enhancing faithfulness to the nation. Eric Hobsbaum distinguishes between three types of tradition. The first includes traditions that reflect the social cohesion of a nation, the second includes traditions that operate for the interest of the ruling classes and the third the medium for implanting or enforcing ideals, values or rituals. The two latter types are examples of invented traditions. The negative element of invented traditions is that when called for the manipulation of the masses can function as a covert way of fanatising people, cultivating racism and prejudice and intolerance for every out-group. Similar feelings of national pride or faithfulness to the national group were exploited by the Second-World-War Nazi authorities in order to bring about the Jewish holocaust as part of an ultimate mission. The symbols of the Nazi invented traditions were their anthem, the swastika, the formal military salute and many other which helped the representatives of the Arean Nation to establish the sense of uniqueness and superiority and to strengthen the sense of unity and solidarity. POINT: Religious faith is in important constituent of national identity. The intensity of identification with a religion is iften positively correlated with the strength of ones national identity. However, it seems religion itself is something obscure and indefinite, not to mention every individuals perception of his religion and his interpretation of what religious faithfulness means. Baumsteer Meanings of Life 187-189 approaches the issue critically noting that in many instances in the past religion has cheated its pure character by serving political interests. He adds that religion often becomes rigid (one example being Catholicism), thus not satisfying peoples emotional needs as they evolve along with social changes in time (Religions are rigid becase they cannot follow sociocultural changes in time, thus they cannot satisfy peoples evolving emotional needs. By comparing national identity with the religious, as Baumeister analyses it, one could detect the function and usefulness of the former for the individual (pp. 190-196). Apart from constituting a source of life meaning, the construction of national identity provides a link with the past a kind of collective memory of the common national origin one wants to consider him/herself a member of. Additionally, it provides an orientation for the future; it inspires a sense of aspiration, or an ideal. One function of this orientation for the future might be the rationalisation of labour and production as a bestowal to the nation and, accordingly, the production of children as a way of contributing to its preservation and expansion. Eriksons psychosocial theory stressed the importance of identity in the individuals developmental course of life. He consedered identity to be the persons way of defining him/herself and, as such, to crucial for his / her mental and cognitive development as well as a way of interacting with the surrounding world. Adolescence is a significant period because it signifies, among other things, the transition to the adulthood. During adolescence one is confronted with roles, relationships, values, some of which s/he adopts and othhers s/he questions in order to circumscribe his / her identity. This is why the identity is individualised and difficult to define. It might encompass the persons way of experiencing his / her gender, socioeconomic status, ideology, nationality, religion as well as the (significant) others reflections on the above factors. Two institutions that play a significant role in the construction of a persons national identity are the family that undertakes the primary role in the persons socialisation and the school, which is the secondary socialisation institution. They both provide sources of historical information, national ideals, attitudes, values, emotions, that are transmitted to the individual and contribute to the formation of his / her national identity. For instance, the Greek educational system often adopts an egocentric approach in the teaching of history, placing emphasisi on historical moments when Geece exhibited courage and succeeded, or stressing glorious moments of ancient Greek history, like the Golden Era of Pericles, makin shorter reference to the contemporary slavery. This approach could contribute greatly to the students feelings of national pride and to the identification of the students with their ancestors in terms of national origin. What the claim of the scholars might imply is that the content of the national identity is so wide, complex and fluctuating, that it cannot justify some peoples strength of beliefs and rigidity od attitudes as it happens in cases of negative nationalism (as opposed to liberal nationalism), racism, national stereotyping or chauvinism. Conclusion Whether national identity is a fictive characteristic or not, should be judged from the consequences on personality and communication. That is, however subjective, obscure and elusive national identity itself may be, it is more important to determine the ways in which it influences or even determines thought, emotion and behaviour. Especially when feelings of national pride and patriotism are manipulated by political and military authorities for the sake of imperialistic or other unethical purposes, it is crucial to examine it further. The fact that the content of national identity is something conventional, has been clearly illustrated by many scholars. All its constituents, traditions, borders, customs, cultural elements and so forth are agreed and established through repetition or preservation in time. What is more, national identity is, as mentioned above, completely subjective and idividualised; it cannot be circumscribed precisely. Two people may not share common history, land religion, race, customs, values or they may share some or all of the above in different degrees and combinations. Nevertheless, they serve a very important purpose, fundamental for the peoples emotional well-being: the sense of belonging, security, satisfaction of social needs (solidarity, production, undertaking of responsibility). Thus, we come to the conclusion that national identity is a powerful symolic link that connects people in place and time, and at the same time a dangerous seed that can be cultivated to cause dissention, disruption of the social order and alienation. Salkind, N. (1985). Theories of Human Development. John Wiley and Sons Inc. POY National identity, according to Parekh (People, Nation and State 1999, p.66) encompasses three components: a) a common constitution of a political community, including agreed rules, laws and norms, b) images of the nation, shared between members of a national community and c) a sense of personal commitment to the community. All the above are characterised by a degree of subjectivity and dynamism. That is, none of them can be precisely circumscribed or unanimously defined, nor can they remain static in place and time. With respect to the importance of the national identity in a person’s self-identification, it seems that the second and third element play a significant role and are related to fundamental psychological processes. To be more specific, as Parekh (1999, p. 67) observes, national identity is a form of â€Å"self-understanding. [†¦] It reflects qualities [the British] like about themselves and wish to preserve. Since they define themselves in terms of these qual ities , they seek to live up to them and feel or can be made to feel embarrassed and guilty when they do not [†¦]. Images are not only self-projections, but also tools of self-creation†. A relevant example that might illustrate Parekh’s point is the Greek term ‘’ This noun signifies a personality trait, a way of behaving, as well as a traditional Greek value. Greeks are proud because they consider this to be a â€Å"unique Greek characteristic† and they often substantiate this claim by the argument that there is no direct equivalent for the word in other languages. This compound word literally means â€Å"to love† (-) â€Å"pride† or â€Å"honour† (-). That is, to have a vivid sense of dignity and pride. Greeks often attach to the term meanings such as: â€Å"a kind of charisma†, â€Å"kindness†, â€Å"ethics†, â€Å"good will†, â€Å"consciousness†, â€Å"virtue†, â€Å"generosity† and â€Å"the idea of coming up to one’s responsibilities and fulfilling one’s duties† (Vassiliou V. Vassiliou G. 1966, cited 1995, p. 115). â€Å"Filotimo† () is one of the ideals that traditional nuclear Greek families aim to implant to the generations that follow. It is also frequently invoked when asking someone to come to his / her senses or to retract an undesirable attitude. Hence, in this example behaviours and interpersonal relationships may be influenced by a value system that is identified with national orientation. Similarly the – conscious or not – urge to prove worthy of the nationally praised characterization â€Å"philotimos† might function as a self-fulfilling prophecy. More specifically, the person might deal with particular situations in ways that confirm the family’s, friends’ or nation’s expectations from him /her. As far as commitment to the community – the third factor according to Parekh – is concerned, it is also subjective and difficult to determine. It involves a collective sense of belonging, shared emotions and symbols of the community like ceremonies, the f lag, the national anthem and so on (Parekh 1999, p. 69). Loyalty to the nation, patriotism and a common sense of solidarity are some of the characteristic ways in which a member of the nation experiences his bond with it. A positive form of experiencing identification with the nation is the case of people’s reaction during the Olympic Games. When athletes win medals they are overwhelmed with national pride, among other emotions, and so are their fellow-countrymen. Greeks again could be a characteristic example, because they strongly view the Olympic ideal as a part of their national identity – a kind of a collective heritage. Especially at the award ceremony where the national anthem is being performed the athletes often burst into tears and kiss the flag as an expression of loyalty to the nation. What is more, leaving for a moment the commercialization of the Olympic Games aside, the Greek origin of the Olympic ideal seems to be a strong motive for many Greek athletes , government members and even simple citizens to avoid getting involved in any form of corruption. More specifically, any entanglement in events of doping or other kinds of unethical competition would be considered very shameful and humiliating, particularly because of a shared sense of responsibility towards the heavy national heritage. This worry is probably so intense not so much because of the political or financial interests involved, but more because of a concern to preserve the national ‘good reputation’. My interpretation of this attitude is that it represents a shared way of experiencing national identity. The function of this identity could be that it constitutes a unifying factor for the nation and that it could inspire collectivity, ethos and a sense of duty, that may be more influential than any external or imposed force (like laws, government guidelines and regulations introduced by international institutions). A negative form of identification and bonding with the nation could be the case where national pride takes the form of commonly shared and publicly expressed prejudice for the national out-group. A representative example comes again from the Greek context, where a couple of years ago Odise Cenaj, an Albanian high-school student participated in the student parade as a flag-bearer. The parade took place as part of the annual ceremony for the celebration of a national anniversary, the 28th of October. A characteristic example of the relation between religion and national identity is the Greeks’ notion of their nationality. The majority – especially the older generations – tends to interweave the national element with the religious one, identifying ‘Greek’ with ‘Christian’ and in particular ‘orthodox’. Personal experience from the Greek sociocultural context has shown that the stronger the national identity is, the stronger is the identification with the orthodox faith. Especially in the case of this dogma, the etymology of the word reveals the deterministic view of its followers. The Greek compound word ‘Orthodox’ means ‘right’ (‘ortho’) – as opposed to ‘wrong’ – ‘belief’ (‘dox-a’, noun deriving from the verb ‘’ which means to claim, to believe). It becomes obvious that, as far as religion is concerned, the doctrineâ⠂¬â„¢s name reflects the disputes or clashes between Christians – and often between Christians and other followers of other religions – and the urge to prove that one dogma is more ‘correct’ than the other. There are cases where dimensions of the national identity of the person are so dominant in the person’s image that they determine his / her interaction with the world. For instance, an Afghani woman, who wears the burgha in a context outside her country, is as if she ‘introduces’ herself through her dress code, revealing her national origin before giving any other personal information, not even her external appearance. It becomes obvious that in such extreme cases a person’s national identity might play a catalytic role as far as social relations are concerned, as it denotes that a person is part of a particular social, political or religious system. This marker can often be very restricting not only regarding the person’s self – image, but also the way the (significant) others view the person and the extent to which the person can get involved in social relationships. As Roy (1999 p. 64) observes, there are often cases where the person who be ars indicators of his / her national origin does not do so as a result of his / her free choice, but rather to show compliance with a ‘moral obligation’ (as in the case of Muslim women who wear a scarf an as well as outside the borders of their country) or an imposed law (as in Afghanistan). In such cases, the expression of national identity through linguistic, dress, dietary or other cultural codes reflects the identity’s rigid or static character and it might contribute to the person’s social alienation (Roy, 1999 pp. 58-59). Prejudice and discrimination based on critiria od national origin might be an extreme case of what developmental psychology terms as ‘kin selection’ and ‘reciprocal altrouism’ (Goodhart 2004, p. , Ozkirimli 2000, p. 71). To be more specific, with respect to the incident with the Albanian student, the Greeks’ aggressivenes was inspired by the fact that their national identity was challenged and their sense of unity and homogeneity was at stake by the ‘intrusion’ of a foreigner, that provoked their national pride. It becomes obvious that the invocation of national identity was the unifying factor for the Greeks who opposed to the foreign student’s participation in the parade as a flag-bearer (something considered by many citizens to be a Greek ‘privilege’). Even though there was no obvious breaking of the law, there was a significant number of people who shared the same impressions and reacted in similar ways, providing no logical arguments. The politicians’ involvement and their attempts to calm down the annoyed citizens confirm the fact that they legitimised national prejudice in order to appear appealing to the public. Finally, the student, after the unfavourable reaction of the public, declared that he did not feel Greek any more and he did not want to share the Greek identity. This confirms the subjectivity and flux of national identity. It also proves that this identity may be determined on the basis of what other perceive of the individual. Hence, its formation is the result of reciprocal determination. As Goodhart (2004, p.) observes, people with the same nationality may have a variety of other differences (religion, class, area of inhabitance), a fact that justifies national identity’s fictitious character. Nevertheless, the example above confirms that members of a national minority may become ‘second-class citizens’ because they do not share the same historic past. The extent to which national identity is dominant in a person’s self-description may depend on whether it is being challenged or not. Depending on the circumstance a person finds him/herself in and the need to protect ot stand up for his/her identity, s/he will do so be it gener, religious, national or other identity. Therefore, its importance may vary according to the social context (Searle 2001, p. 3). The manipulation of national identity for political or military purposes wsa evident in World War II. German Nazis and Italian fascism are such examples. In both cases a ‘charismatic’ leader misled the military forces and the public opinion by cultivating and racist feelings. All thei arguments were groundless, superficial and completely lacked rational base. Both leaders aimed at unifying the nation and winning its by stressing its superiority over other nations. The appeal of this false ideology might be partly explained by social identity theory, which explains that people’s self-esteem is raised by the idea that they belong to a (social, racial, national or other) group that is ‘superior’ than others. Thus the leaders manipulated this emotional vulnerability (New Zealand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.). Gellner (Nationalism 55) attempts to define nationalism based on poltical criteria. He places emphasis on education as an important factor in the formation of national identity. He observes that â€Å"men do not in general become nationalists from sentiment or sentimentality, atavistic or not, well-based or myth-founded: they becomenationalists through genuine, objective, practical necessity, however obscurely recognised† (Gellner 1994, p. 56). Hence, it seems that regardless of whether the roots of a person’s nationalism are emotional or rational, it is still difficult to specify the exact content of the idea of the nation. Moreover, the ‘fictive’ nature of national identiy can be deduced by the process of elimination: people may share the same national identity, without speaking the same language (as in the case of second, or third generation immigrants, who feel they belong to the nation of their ancestors, even though they might hardly speak their langu age). The same stands for people who live in the same country, work, vote, join the army but have different religious beliefs and customs. In terms of racial characteristics the given fact of ‘mixed marriages’ has eliminated any possibility of a pure, homogenous nation, proving Hitler’s aspirations to be not only extreme, but also utopian (Crouch 1999, p. 283; Ozkirimli 2000, p. 76). Finally, with respect to shared land and common borders, they seem to be the most fluctuating and less important factors in the subjective perception of national identity. In the case of Greece, Thessaloniki, the second largest city, was under the Turks’ domination until 1912 and it was not taken by the Bulgarian army, thanks to a successful Greek military and political operation of the last moment. Similarly, the islands of the South-East Aegean Sea were finally acknowledged as Greek territory after the end of World War II. During the above period and even from the ancient ti mes, there no question regarding the inhabitants’ Greek identity, either in their consciousness or in the consciousness of the people who lived in the mainland; there was a reciprocally agreed national determination which greatly enhanced shared feelings of solidarity and patriotism. An alternative way of approaching the relativity of national identity would be by viewing the emerging of European Union, which may contribute to the formation of another, wider notion of nationality. It seems that the new form of national identity has expanded to encompass all residents of the European union. This is evident in the way civil rights (i.e. work permissions) are shared throughout European countries, creating a sense of commonness and solidarity and a new kind of cultural community. An example of how a new form of border may be invented and all the implications: no need for a passport to travel within the European Union, bank account). This gives the impression of a shared trust, appreciation and privileges. To conclude, Parekh’s definition of national identity captures accurately its inconsistency: â€Å"national identity, then, is a matter of moral and emotional identification with a particular community based on a shared loyalty to its constitutive principles and participation in its collective self-understanding† (Parekh 1000, p. 69). References Anderson, B. (1994). ‘Imagined Communities’. In J. Hutchinson D. Smith (eds), Nationalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 89-96. Baumeister, R.F. (1991). Meanings of Life. New York: Guilford Press. Campbell, P.T. (1995) sto keimeno: cited Georgas. Crouch, C. (1999). Social Change in Western Europe. Oxford: Blackwell. Goodhart, D. (2004). ‘Too Diverse?’ Prospect, 95, Hobsbaum, E. Ranger, T. (1983). The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hutchinson, J. Smith, A.D. (1994). ‘Nationalism’. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kedourie, E. (1994). ‘Nationalism and Self-determination’. In J. Hutchinson D. Smith (eds), Nationalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 49-55. Ozkirimli, U. (2000). Theories of Nationalism. New York: ST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC. Parekh, B. (1999). ‘Defining National Identity in a Multicultural Society’. In E. Mortimer R. Fine (eds), People, Nation and State, London: IB Tauris Publishers, pp 66-74. Roy, O. (1999). ‘The Elusive Cultural Community’. In E. Mortimer R. Fine (eds), People, Nation and State, London: IB Tauris Publishers, pp 56-65. Salkind, N. ( oxi to New Zealand!!!!!!!!! Vassiliou, V. Vassiliou, G. (1966). ‘The Implicative Meaning of the Greek Concept of Philotimo’. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 4, 326-341. In ?. Research Papers on The Importance of National Identity in Social Relations - Humanities EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Stressors and Anxiety in the Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Research Paper

Stressors and Anxiety in the Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Research Paper Example The anxiety associated with the surgery exists in the post period of the surgery as well. Although many patients projected low level of anxiety and stress before surgery many have experienced borderline or clinically significant levels of anxiety before surgery. It is noticed that people has more stress and anxiety before surgery have poor outcomes than people having lower level of stress and anxiety. The patients undergoing heart surgeries are exposed to high risk and this could be the reason for the anxiety and stress in them. Normally anxiety increase in patient before cardiac surgery but return to normal level after six month of the surgery. Patients with high anxiety and stress before the surgery is exposed to mortality risk during surgery. It is seen that anxiety level is acute in patients about to undergo cardiac surgery and people with extreme stress are advised to give clinical support .The anxiety is normally high in patient who has death in their family due to heart failur e. Stress may occur because of increased stress and anxiety related to the forthcoming surgery. Anxiety and stress usually increase with the admission in hospital and impending surgery. The stress and anxiety before surgery People are stressed and anxious before surgery thinking about the complication during the surgery and recovery failure. According to (Scott,2009)â€Å"Having surgery can bring a lot of stress. ... People are advised breath taking exercises to relax the body and this can reduce the body’s response to stress. Breath taking exercise can stop the physiological response of the body due to stress and reverse the procedure. The stressful experience occurs in the mind and what we think stressful can trigger anxiety and stress in people on thinking about it. Studies have shown that people who are stressed in everyday life are more prone to stress before surgery. The pain during surgery and post surgery can lead to major stress among patients. Patients and their family are usually given educational support and assistance before the surgical event. Stress of the patients can be reduced if they are given complete information about the surgery in simple words.Moslty, the surgeons and nurses does not get adequate time to spend with the patients in order to pacify or console them before surgery. In real, surgeons should listen to the queries of the patients and guide them in proper ma nner to reduce their stress and anxiety. It is found that women are more stressed than men before cardiac surgery. As per (Desborough,2000,pg.109-117) â€Å"The stress response to surgery is characterized by increased secretion of pituitary hormones and activation of the sympathetic nervous system†Mostly people who have stress before surgery also might be facing problems in their daily life too. Having a health problem itself is a stressful issue and on above that open heart surgery can increase the risk factor. Patients are stressful before the CABG procedure as they are uncertain about the outcome of the heart surgery. Pain is the main cause of stres in patient and this can be overcome by the appliance of appropriate pain management program. Patients are

Research, Theory and Practice Cycle Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research, Theory and Practice Cycle - Assignment Example The relationship between research theory, and practice should be well understood because research without theory gives discreet information or data with no value to the discipline. The relationships are direct and positive which enables the experts to put the facts together providing tangible information. The transformation of nursing practice is possible by the incorporation of theory into the practice showing the evident excellent nursing care that the researcher should provide the patients (Tailor & Ranpenning, 2011). Since all the elements of nursing theory and practice are related. It is justified that entry can be done at any point because one element leads to the other and the cycle rotates. Nursing can be perceived both as a discipline and as a profession. Understandably, both the two entities are inherent since they can be applied correspondingly. It is noteworthy that nursing discipline requires a qualified and well-trained expertise to carry out because all the practical elements of research, theory, and practice are applicable to the daily health

A critical analysis of the application of the doctrine of Essay

A critical analysis of the application of the doctrine of self-determination in the context of South Sudan with reference to the Naivasha agreement of 2005 - Essay Example Moreover, this issue is central to the efficacy of international law as a regulatory mechanism particularly in human rights issues as a gap between theory and practice clearly undermines the objectives of both customary international legal principles and UN Charter provisions.2 Directly correlated to this is the concept of â€Å"state† and â€Å"inter-state relations†, which in terms of individual human rights protections at international level has become a central issue particularly in context of rapid globalisation3. Furthermore, the complex notion of state and the role of ethnic groups within states have challenged colonial geographic boundaries of the state4. In turn, the changing nature of the global order in the post Cold War environment has created novel conflict scenarios and significantly reshaped the dynamics of conventional warfare5. This has challenged pre-existing international legal principles, which is highlighted by the problematic doctrine of self determination and its boundaries in international law6. The doctrine of self determination has remained contentious in international law as whilst the objective of the doctrine as expressed in the UN Charter 19457 was arguably triggered by the increasing desire for decolonisation; the practical consequences has often seen the doctrine of self determination being utilised to perpetuate conflict8. contextual reference to Southern Sudan and the 2005 Naivasha Agreement, which enables the Southern part of Sudan to vote on its legal status in a referendum in January 2011. It is submitted at the outset that the 2005 Naivasha agreement highlights the conflict between the subjective interpretation of the doctrine of self determination and legality under established international legal principles. Therefore, in evaluating the doctrine, Section 2 will consider the models of self determination and the legal basis for self determination. Section 3 will

Business Negotiation: An International Perspective

Business Negotiation: An International Perspective Introduction International Business Negotiation is a process through which parties shift their initial contradictory positions to a point where agreement reaches. International Business Negotiation is fully a part of the managerial process and helps the business to implement their strategies and plans. International business negotiation involves all international business transaction and it also helps in developing agreements between two or more parties or groups in order to provide direction and set of laws for their future behaviour. Negotiation also helps in finding the solution for common problems. In negotiation, parties can quit the process at anytime and in negotiation both the parties modify their views and thoughts in order to come close to each other. Negotiation is also know integrative bargaining which is win-win negotiation where parties comes out with good outcomes and attracts more investors to invest and negotiation have different culture backgrounds because of many countries. The process of negotiation is always influenced by contextual factors and when negotiation is discussed, it is presented as culture issue. Pervez N. Ghauri and Jean Claude Usinier,1999 International Business Negotiation 2nd Edition, Elsevier Ltd Critical Evaluation: (ref: Russell . B . Sunshine (1990). Negotiation for International Development. Martines Nijhoff Publishers)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CULTURE VALUES Basic Beliefs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Norms  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Customs Impact of culture on Negotiation CULTURE VALUES Basic Beliefs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Norms  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Customs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CLUTUREAL PERSPECTIVE Habits  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assumption  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Selective Perception   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   NEGOTIATING STYLE Decision-making  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communicating Culture has the negative impact on the negotiation from both the sides i.e. sender of the negotiation message and receiver of the negotiation message. In business negotiation many people are from different cultural backgrounds, so sometimes they do not share their views, which affect the negotiation. So during the negotiation process there are many cultural misunderstandings, different results and also the lack of trust between the parties. Culture affects the negotiation because of the distance between the partners and also the difference in the economical and educational system. Culture helps in shaping the basic beliefs, norms and customs give rise to many economic and political barriers in the negotiation process. Negotiation is the outcome of many actions and these actions are affected by the culture because it creates problems in decision-making, in setting goals, and implementing of strategies at the time of negotiation producer. E.g. America and Japan contributes about 40% of Development Assistance Countries. But negotiation between America and Japan is not effective because of many cultural differences. Culture of America and Japan are totally different in principles, norms and negotiating behavior. So there culture has a deep collision on the negotiation process. CONCLUSION Negotiation takes place between two countries or two different cultures. So effective negotiation can be carried out by following ways. Should be responsive to own culture before making surveillance of cross-culture. Study and gather the information about the negotiating technique and cultural surroundings of the opposite partys. At the time of negotiation, both the parties should decide the subject and after deciding the subject parties should put their own cultures into practice and should wait for each others response. Both the parties should identify those responses which are similar in order to avoid conflicts. Should present the negotiation process in such a way which engages the cultural preferences of both the parties. Both the parties should check their cultural assumptions and should pay attention to each others objectives carefully. Parties should modify their negotiating behavior in order to avoid communication conflicts. Both the parties should show respect and courtesy for their own culture, so that the interaction will be carried out successfully. Parties should be more flexible in order to make their attitude respectful.

Free Huckleberry Finn Essay - The Adventures of Huck :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When children are born into the world they are completely free and uncontaminated from outside influences and ideas but as life continues they grow and are affected by society, their environment, and personal aspirations. All of these reasons cause people and society to react in certain ways when confronted with particular situations and people. Often the reactions to these confrontations are based mainly on morality, yet no always as proven in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by the fictional writer, Mark Twain. Huckleberry Finn, a young man who has experienced and survived great obstacles in his young years, shaped his beliefs and morals but was capable of undergoing a considerable change in both mind and heart with the help of his run away slave, Jim. Jim and Huck had a relationship, which was transformed through time and trust, but always had the reminder that one was white and the oth er was black. This was a major influence on Huck's behavior towards Jim but through the progression of the book Huck's attitude and respect towards Jim increases considerably after Huck self-evaluates himself and society and begins to focus on what is truly important but not always right. Huck is a strong-willed, free-spirited youth who attempts to portray himself as a bad boy but often finds himself doing just the opposite; however, several times he causes negative situations which affects himself and people around him. When Jim and Huck find each other after escaping their homes, they continue their journey down the river together. One night Jim and Huck separate on the river because of the fog but Huck finds Jim asleep after a few hours of searching for each other. When Jim wakes Huck attempts to tell him that it was all a dream because they had never been separated and there was never any fog. After lying so sufficiently for all his life, Huck never considering how his lies affected a person and especially a friendship until Jim told him.: When I got all wore out wid work, en wid de callin' for you, en went to sleep, my heart wuz mos' broke bekase you wuz los', en I didn't k'yer no' mo' what become er me en de raf'.